PEP Guidelines

References

  1. Gianacas C, Down I, Ellard J, et al. Experiences of HIV: The Seroconversion Study Final Report 2007-2015. Monograph, The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia. (https://www.kirby.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/documents/Experiences-of-HIV-Seroconversion-Study-Final-Report.pdf).
  2. Palich R, Martin-Blondel G, Cuzin L, et al. Experiences of HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) among highly exposed men who have sex with men (MSM). Sex Transm Infect 2017;93(7):493-498. DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2016-052901.
  3. Callander D, Wiggins J, Rosenberg S, et al. The 2018 Australian Trans and Gender Diverse Sexual Health Survey: Report of Findings. Sydney, NSW: The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney. (https://www.kirby.unsw.edu.au/research/reports/2018-australian-trans-and-gender-diverse-sexual-health-survey-report-findings).
  4. Freestone J, Mooney-Somers J, Hudson S. The sector is ready, and the community needs Australian alcohol and other drug treatment services to ask about sexuality and gender identity. Drug Alcohol Rev 2022;41(1):39-42. DOI: 10.1111/dar.13367.
  5. Costa AB, Viscardi LH, Feijo M, Fontanari AMV. HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT-HIV) effectiveness for sexual risk-reduction among key populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2022;52:101612. DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101612.
  6. Bourry O, Brochard P, Souquiere S, et al. Prevention of vaginal simian immunodeficiency virus transmission in macaques by postexposure prophylaxis with zidovudine, lamivudine and indinavir. AIDS 2009;23(4):447-54. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328321302d.
  7. Irvine C, Egan KJ, Shubber Z, Van Rompay KK, Beanland RL, Ford N. Efficacy of HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Nonhuman Primate Studies. Clin Infect Dis 2015;60 Suppl 3:S165-9. DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ069.
  8. Le Grand R, Vaslin B, Larghero J, et al. Post-exposure prophylaxis with highly active antiretroviral therapy could not protect macaques from infection with SIV/HIV chimera. AIDS 2000;14(12):1864-6. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200008180-00029.
  9. Otten RA, Smith DK, Adams DR, et al. Efficacy of postexposure prophylaxis after intravaginal exposure of pig-tailed macaques to a human-derived retrovirus (human immunodeficiency virus type 2). J Virol 2000;74(20):9771-5. DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.20.9771-9775.2000.
  10. Tsai CC, Emau P, Follis KE, et al. Effectiveness of postinoculation (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) adenine treatment for prevention of persistent simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmne infection depends critically on timing of initiation and duration of treatment. J Virol 1998;72(5):4265-73. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.72.5.4265-4273.1998.
  11. Gray GE, Urban M, Chersich MF, et al. A randomized trial of two postexposure prophylaxis regimens to reduce mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission in infants of untreated mothers. AIDS 2005;19(12):1289-97. DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000180100.42770.a7.
  12. Nielsen-Saines K, Watts DH, Veloso VG, et al. Three postpartum antiretroviral regimens to prevent intrapartum HIV infection. N Engl J Med 2012;366(25):2368-79. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1108275.
  13. Wade NA, Birkhead GS, Warren BL, et al. Abbreviated regimens of zidovudine prophylaxis and perinatal transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus. N Engl J Med 1998;339(20):1409-14. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199811123392001.
  14. Tomkins S, Ncube F. Occupationally acquired HIV: international reports to December 2002. Euro Surveill 2005;10(3):E050310 2. DOI: 10.2807/esw.10.10.02660-en.
  15. Cardo DM, Culver DH, Ciesielski CA, et al. A case-control study of HIV seroconversion in health care workers after percutaneous exposure. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Needlestick Surveillance Group. N Engl J Med 1997;337(21):1485-90. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199711203372101.
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  17. Poynten IM, Jin F, Mao L, et al. Nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis, subsequent risk behaviour and HIV incidence in a cohort of Australian homosexual men. AIDS 2009;23(9):1119-26. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32832c1776.
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  19. Mitchell H, Furegato M, Hughes G, Field N, Nardone A. What are the characteristics of, and clinical outcomes in men who have sex with men prescribed HIV postexposure prophylaxis following sexual exposure (PEPSE) at sexual health clinics in England? Sex Transm Infect 2017;93(3):207-213. DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2016-052806.
  20. Roland ME, Neilands TB, Krone MR, et al. Seroconversion following nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis against HIV. Clin Infect Dis 2005;41(10):1507-13. DOI: 10.1086/497268.
  21. Mayer KH, Mimiaga MJ, Cohen D, et al. Tenofovir DF plus lamivudine or emtricitabine for nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (NPEP) in a Boston Community Health Center. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2008;47(4):494-9. DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e318162afcb.
  22. Johnson KA, Chen MJ, Kohn R, et al. Acute HIV at the Time of Initiation of Pre-exposure or Post-exposure Prophylaxis: Impact on Drug Resistance and Clinical Outcomes. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021;87(2):818-825. DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002638.
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  28. Jain S, Mayer KH. Practical guidance for nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV infection: an editorial review. AIDS 2014;28(11):1545-54. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000301.
  29. Ford N, Shubber Z, Calmy A, et al. Choice of antiretroviral drugs for postexposure prophylaxis for adults and adolescents: a systematic review. Clin Infect Dis 2015;60 Suppl 3:S170-6. DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ092.
  30. Parkin JM, Murphy M, Anderson J, El-Gadi S, Forster G, Pinching AJ. Tolerability and side-effects of post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection. Lancet 2000;355(9205):722-3. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(99)05005-9.
  31. Mayer KH, Mimiaga MJ, Gelman M, Grasso C. Raltegravir, tenofovir DF, and emtricitabine for postexposure prophylaxis to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV: safety, tolerability, and adherence. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2012;59(4):354-9. DOI: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e31824a03b8.
  32. McAllister J, Read P, McNulty A, Tong WW, Ingersoll A, Carr A. Raltegravir-emtricitabine-tenofovir as HIV nonoccupational post-exposure prophylaxis in men who have sex with men: safety, tolerability and adherence. HIV Med 2014;15(1):13-22. DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12075.
  33. Bavinton BR, Pinto AN, Phanuphak N, et al. Viral suppression and HIV transmission in serodiscordant male couples: an international, prospective, observational, cohort study. Lancet HIV 2018;5(8):e438-e447. DOI: 10.1016/S2352-3018(18)30132-2.
  34. Cohen MS, Chen YQ, McCauley M, et al. Antiretroviral Therapy for the Prevention of HIV-1 Transmission. N Engl J Med 2016;375(9):830-9. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1600693.
  35. Rodger AJ, Cambiano V, Bruun T, et al. Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study. Lancet 2019;393(10189):2428-2438. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30418-0.
  36. Rodger AJ, Cambiano V, Bruun T, et al. Sexual Activity Without Condoms and Risk of HIV Transmission in Serodifferent Couples When the HIV-Positive Partner Is Using Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy. JAMA 2016;316(2):171-81. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.5148.
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  39. Boily MC, Baggaley RF, Wang L, et al. Heterosexual risk of HIV-1 infection per sexual act: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Lancet Infect Dis 2009;9(2):118-29. DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(09)70021-0.
  40. Cresswell FV, Ellis J, Hartley J, Sabin CA, Orkin C, Churchill DR. A systematic review of risk of HIV transmission through biting or spitting: implications for policy. HIV Med 2018;19(8):532-40. DOI: 10.1111/hiv.12625.
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  56. Smith DK, Switzer WM, Peters P, et al. A Strategy for PrEP Clinicians to Manage Ambiguous HIV Test Results During Follow-up Visits. Open Forum Infect Dis 2018;5(8):ofy180. DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofy180.
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  58. de Souza MS, Pinyakorn S, Akapirat S, et al. Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy During Acute HIV-1 Infection Leads to a High Rate of Nonreactive HIV Serology. Clin Infect Dis 2016;63(4):555-61. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciw365.
  59. Ford N, Venter F, Irvine C, Beanland RL, Shubber Z. Starter packs versus full prescription of antiretroviral drugs for postexposure prophylaxis: a systematic review. Clin Infect Dis 2015;60 Suppl 3:S182-6. DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ093.
  60. Patterson KB, Prince HA, Kraft E, et al. Penetration of tenofovir and emtricitabine in mucosal tissues: implications for prevention of HIV-1 transmission. Sci Transl Med 2011;3(112):112re4. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003174.
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  1. Gianacas C, Down I, Ellard J, et al. Experiences of HIV: The Seroconversion Study Final Report 2007-2015. Monograph, The Kirby Institute, UNSW Australia, Sydney, Australia. (https://www.kirby.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/documents/Experiences-of-HIV-Seroconversion-Study-Final-Report.pdf).
  2. Palich R, Martin-Blondel G, Cuzin L, et al. Experiences of HIV postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) among highly exposed men who have sex with men (MSM). Sex Transm Infect 2017;93(7):493-498. DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2016-052901.
  3. Callander D, Wiggins J, Rosenberg S, et al. The 2018 Australian Trans and Gender Diverse Sexual Health Survey: Report of Findings. Sydney, NSW: The Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney. (https://www.kirby.unsw.edu.au/research/reports/2018-australian-trans-and-gender-diverse-sexual-health-survey-report-findings).
  4. Freestone J, Mooney-Somers J, Hudson S. The sector is ready, and the community needs Australian alcohol and other drug treatment services to ask about sexuality and gender identity. Drug Alcohol Rev 2022;41(1):39-42. DOI: 10.1111/dar.13367.
  5. Costa AB, Viscardi LH, Feijo M, Fontanari AMV. HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT-HIV) effectiveness for sexual risk-reduction among key populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine 2022;52:101612. DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101612.
  6. Bourry O, Brochard P, Souquiere S, et al. Prevention of vaginal simian immunodeficiency virus transmission in macaques by postexposure prophylaxis with zidovudine, lamivudine and indinavir. AIDS 2009;23(4):447-54. DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e328321302d.
  7. Irvine C, Egan KJ, Shubber Z, Van Rompay KK, Beanland RL, Ford N. Efficacy of HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Nonhuman Primate Studies. Clin Infect Dis 2015;60 Suppl 3:S165-9. DOI: 10.1093/cid/civ069.
  8. Le Grand R, Vaslin B, Larghero J, et al. Post-exposure prophylaxis with highly active antiretroviral therapy could not protect macaques from infection with SIV/HIV chimera. AIDS 2000;14(12):1864-6. DOI: 10.1097/00002030-200008180-00029.
  9. Otten RA, Smith DK, Adams DR, et al. Efficacy of postexposure prophylaxis after intravaginal exposure of pig-tailed macaques to a human-derived retrovirus (human immunodeficiency virus type 2). J Virol 2000;74(20):9771-5. DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.20.9771-9775.2000.
  10. Tsai CC, Emau P, Follis KE, et al. Effectiveness of postinoculation (R)-9-(2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) adenine treatment for prevention of persistent simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmne infection depends critically on timing of initiation and duration of treatment. J Virol 1998;72(5):4265-73. DOI: 10.1128/JVI.72.5.4265-4273.1998.
  11. Gray GE, Urban M, Chersich MF, et al. A randomized trial of two postexposure prophylaxis regimens to reduce mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission in infants of untreated mothers. AIDS 2005;19(12):1289-97. DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000180100.42770.a7.
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